Athletes Urged to Recognize and Properly Treat Muscle Hematomas

RRI.CO.ID, Bogor - Athletes are urged to recognize muscle hematomas following blunt impacts during competition. Improper treatment can cause swelling, pain, and impaired muscle function.

IPB University lecturer Dr. Agil Wahyu Wicaksono explained hematomas can follow sports injuries. They commonly occur in contact sports including football, rugby, and hockey.

On the IPB University website on Monday, 28 September 2026, Dr. Agil explained that hematomas occur when damaged blood vessels leak blood into surrounding muscle tissue. Violent pulling or strain can also tear muscle fibers and vessels.

Blood trapped within fascial tissue can increase tissue pressure and disrupt circulation. If those coverings tear, blood may spread between muscles and cause widespread bruising.

Athletes should seek medical care when swelling rapidly increases or pain worsens. “If swelling rapidly increase or the pain worsens, seek medical care immediately,” said Dr. Agil, who lectures at IPB's Medicine and Nutrition Faculty.

For initial treatment, Agil recommends PRICE: protect, rest, ice, compression, and elevation. Cold compresses for 10–20 minutes can help reduce pain and swelling.

Agil warned against massage and heat during the initial injury period. Such treatment within 24–72 hours may increase bleeding and swelling.

Recovery depends on hematoma severity and whether surgery becomes necessary. Mild cases may require around four weeks, while severe injuries need longer.

Athletes should resume activity only after pain disappears and muscle function normalizes. They should also perform sport-specific movements without experiencing further symptoms.