RRI.CO.ID, Jakarta - Coral reef restoration is no longer solely measured by the extent of coral regrowth. Researchers emphasize that the restoration of marine ecosystems must be viewed holistically, including their ecological functions, to ensure truly sustainable results.

Until now, the success of coral reef restoration has often been measured solely by the extent of coral growth. However, ecological functions, such as benefits for biodiversity and coastal communities, are considered far more crucial to ensure their recovery.

Indonesia is said to hold a special position in global coral reef conservation due to its location in the Coral Triangle, an area with the highest marine biodiversity in the world. Although it only covers around 0.1-0.2% of the seabed, coral reefs are home to around 25% of marine species and support the fisheries and tourism sectors.

Unfortunately, this ecosystem continues to be battered by various threats, ranging from human activities, plastic waste, to rising sea temperatures that trigger coral bleaching. Climate change is said to be the biggest challenge, so restoration strategies must be increasingly resilient to constantly changing environmental conditions.

After nearly ten years of experience in coral reef restoration, a fundamental question has emerged: whether thriving coral truly means the ecosystem has recovered. This question has prompted the development of new methods to measure ecosystem function more comprehensively.

These methods include measuring carbonate production, herbivory, predation, and nutrient cycling to allow for a more comprehensive assessment of restoration success. Initial results indicate that various ecosystem functions are recovering, albeit at varying rates, so long-term monitoring remains necessary.

Going forward, it is recommended that coral species selected for restoration not only focus on fast-growing corals but also on those more tolerant of warm sea temperatures. Studying past coral reef conditions is also considered crucial for understanding corals' ability to adapt to long-term environmental changes.